Research conducted by University, Government and industry scientists often leads the way to new and improved land restoration techniques. Often research is initiated in response to a technical or economic limitation of the currently employed approach. Simply put, the current approach doesn't work or costs too much. Research is often employed to explore innovative land restoration technologies. These results are often presented at scientific meetings. A selected subset of research studies is presented below to showcase some of the mineland reclamation research which is on-going or has recently been conducted.