Non-metallic specialty minerals (industrial minerals) are used extensively in consumer products including glass, food, toothpaste, plastics, cat litter, ceramics, paint, building materials, medical supplies and a host of other uses. These minerals are extracted from unique deposits reflecting the remarkable geologic history of the earth. Bentonite is surface mined from volcanic ash deposits in Wyoming and Montana, Trona (sodium bi-carbonate) is underground mined from ancient lake beds in Wyoming, clay is mined in Kentucky for use in brick and building block, phosphate is mined for fertilizer in Southeast Idaho. The uses for industrial minerals are very diverse. The following case histories show examples of mine restoration from these locations.