Reclamation of coal mines is required under SMCRA, the Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. A reclamation plan is developed for each mine at the time of permitting as a fundamental component of the mine's operation. Coal mining companies must also post a performance bond to guarantee reclamation of land. Pre-SMCRA coal mines which were abandoned are in the process of being reclaimed nationwide by money generated from a tax on producing mines. The case histories which follow show examples of the innovation required during mining and afterward to achieve the goals of SMCRA.